Factors associated with the self-medication and consumption of non-prescription drugs and their practice: A cross-sectional study from Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

Abstract

Introduction:

Self-medication involves using drugs without professional guidance and is widespread, often seen as a component of self-care and sharing medicine. While it reduces healthcare burden and boosts health awareness, it carries risks like incorrect diagnosis, drug resistance, and adverse effects. Globally promoted due to Rx-to-OTC switches, its practice in Malaysia, especially in Perak, is underresearched.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 2024 to July 2024. A structured questionnaire was distributed online via Google Forms, to which 246 participants responded.

Results:

Most of the respondents were between 18 and 24 years old (63.4%). The majority of respondents were female (72.0%) and Malaysian (85.8%). Males used non-prescription drugs significantly (p<0.05) compared to females. Males were more likely than females to self-medicate for fever (p<0.05) and drowsiness (p<0.01).

Conclusion:

There is an urgent need for greater awareness and education about the dangers of self-medication, especially among students who are often under pressure and more likely to handle their health independently