MicroRNAs: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

MicroRNAs are a class of RNA (ribonucleic acid) that bind to mRNAs, leading to a decreased or complete cessation of protein synthesis. Dysregulation in microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with the development of diabetes mellitus. MiRNA-133a is responsible for the anti-apoptotic mechanism within the heart, and is thus cardioprotective via means of repression of cardiac fibrosis. In the kidney, the overexpression of miR-192 leads to increased collagen formation and deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM). miR-34a is also overexpressed, leading to the suppression of anti-apoptotic proteins and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby promoting podocyte apoptosis. In terms of diagnosis, serum miR-126 has demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing progressive from non-progressive diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusion:

Understanding the action of modulating specific miRNAs can be beneficial for treating or reducing inflammation or fibrosis, thus preventing complications and aggravation in diabetic patients.