Unveiling the enigma: The pathophysiology and risk assessment of the Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreaks

Abstract

Introduction:

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is caused by the Marburg virus (MARV) of the Filoviridae family, causing acute hemorrhagic fever in humans. Similar to the pathogenesis of Ebola, MVD enters the body through skin cracks or mucous membranes and attacks macrophages and dendritic cells, damages cell membranes and causes cell death. In 2023, nine cases were reported in Tanzania and 17 in Equatorial Guinea. MVD remains a threat due to undetected viral spreading because of unidentified chains of transmission and potential interaction with animal reservoirs. The long presence of MVD in body fluids highlights the importance of a survivorship program.

Conclusion:

Marburgviruses are emerging due to bat distribution, environmental factors, and human behavior. The high mortality rate echoes the West African Ebola epidemic. Early diagnosis is challenging, and careful history-taking is necessary to differentiate MVD from other tropical febrile illnesses. Global agencies like WHO play a pivotal role in diagnosis and treatment.